COMPUTER AND IT’S IMPORTANCE WHAT IS A COMPUTER? A computer is a machine that can be programmed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operation (computation) automatically. Modern digital electronic computers can perform generic sets of operations known as programs. These programs enable computers to perform a wide range of tasks. A computer system is a nominally complete computer that includes the hardware, operating system (main software), and peripheral equipment needed and used for full operation. This term may also refer to a group of computers that are linked and function together, such as a computer network. In the history of computers, advancements of modern computers are referred as the generation of computers. Currently, we are on the 5th generation of computers. Let us have a look at the important features all five generations. HISTORY • 1st Generation: This was from the period 1940-1955. This was when machine language was developed for the use of computers. They used vacuum tubes for the circuitry. For the purpose of memory, they used magnetic drums. • 2nd Generation: There was the up-gradation from vacuum tubes to transistors. Since they advanced from binary to assembly languages, this made the computers smaller, faster and energy-efficient. • 3rd Generation: The hallmark of this period (1964-1971) was the development of integrated circuits (ICs). • 4th Generation: The invention of the microprocessors brought along the 4th generation of computers. This was when the computers were produced for personal use. Another important aspect is the development of higher computer languages such as Java and C++. • 5th Generation: This is the present and the future in the computer world. Artificial intelligence is the defining aspect of this generation. The use of parallel processing and superconductors provide a lot of scope for the future and are making this a reality. Concept of modern computer . 1.1.1 Mobile computers Mobile Computing System is a distributed system, which is connected via a wireless network for communication. The clients or the nodes possess mobility and the ability to provide computing at anytime, anywhere. Below are few examples where mobile computing is in use. • Online delivery systems associated with credit card verification. • Taxi/cab services operated via smartphones and mobile apps. • Location-aware mobile services used to transmit weather and road conditions. • Social media applications and e-mail access via smartphones. • Smart wearable devices which are used to measure and record medical/health conditions of individuals. 1.1.2 Artificial intelligence It is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It is related to the similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence, but AI does not have to confine itself to methods that are biologically observable. Advantages of Computers: Certain advantages of computers are as follows: High Speed i. It is a very fast device. ii. It is capable to perform calculations of a very large set of data. iii. Its units of speed are the microsecond, nanosecond, and even the picosecond. iv. It is capable to perform millions of calculations in a few seconds as compared to the manual effort that takes many months to perform the same task. Accuracy i. In addition to being very fast, computers are accurate as well. ii. The calculations are error-free. iii. All jobs are performed with accuracy, but make sure that the input is correct. Storage Capability i. One of the important characteristics of computers is memory. ii. a Large amount of data can be stored in a computer. iii. Any type of data like images, videos, text, audio, etc. can be stored. Diligence i. A computer is free from monotony, tiredness, and lack of concentration. ii. It can continue to work without any fatigue and boredom. iii. Repeated tasks can be performed with the same speed and accuracy. Versatility i. A computer is very flexible in performing the jobs that can be done. ii. A computer can also solve problems related to various fields. iii. At one instance, it may be playing a card game and within the next moment, it may be solving a complex scientific problem. Reliability i. Modern electronic components have a long life. ii. The machines are designed to make maintenance easy. Automation i. Functions can be performed automatically. ii. Automation is required to perform a task automatically. Once the computer receives a program i.e., the program gets stored in the computer’s memory, then no human interaction is required for the program and instruction to control the program execution. Reduction in Paper Work and Cost i. The use of computers for data processing in an organization results in speeding up the process and also leads to a reduction in paperwork. ii. The problem of maintenance of a large number of paper files gets reduced as data in electronic files can be retrieved as and when required. iii. Since the initial investment for installing a computer is high, the cost of each of its transactions substantially gets reduced. .